FIGHT WITH TOBACCO CONSUMPTION - world no tobacco day

WORLD NO TOBACCO DAY

On World No Tobacco Day this year, special attention is being given to the harmful effects of tobacco marketing to women and girls. The World Health Organization says tobacco kills nearly five and a half million people a year — another victim every six seconds. Tobacco use is a top cause of death worldwide.

• Tobacco is used in many forms in which chewing or smoking is mainly used.
• More than one in three adults use tobacco  in some form.
• At any given time, 48% men and 20% women use tobacco.
• The mean age of getting hooked to use tobacco daily is 17.8 years.
• One in two adults are exposed to second hand smoke at home, withe exposure being higher in villages.

HARMFUL EFFECTS OF TOBACCO

• Smoking and tobacco chewing causes most diseases affecting the heart, liver and lungs, including heart attack, stroke, chronic obstructive lung disease and cancers. 
  
• 28 Carcinogenic chemicals are present in tobacco. The main constituent of  tobacco is Nicotine. Nicotine is highly addictive with a quit rate of 5%.
• Some consequences of smoking are :-

1. Blindness
2. Infertility 
3. Cardiovascular disease
4. Gangrene results in loss of limbs
5. Various Cancers especially lung cancer.
   
6. Less Oxygen to the brain and heart.
7. Increased blood pressure
8. Shortness of breadth
9. Gum disease
10. Smelly mouth and teeth.
11. Smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke during pregnancy raises the risk of miscarriage and low birth weight. 
    

RESULT OF TOBACCO USE IN WORLD

• Globally 5.4 million deaths can be attributed to tobacco use, and by 2030 about 80% of these deaths will be in developing countries.
  
• Tobacco use kills a million people in India, which is a sixth of all tobacco related deaths.
•  Tobacco is continuously increased among girls.
  

SOME STEPS TO LEAVE SMOKING

• Keeping your mouth busy is a great way to kill the urge of smoking because smoking is more of a psychological problem, where one tends to get a high when happy, or distract oneself, when sad. Keep your mouth busy by chewing nuts and toffees, or palate boosters like amla and ajwain.
• Identify your reasons for quitting. set a date, usually within 10 days.
• Identify your barriers to quitting , an try not to be around when they smoke.
  
• Avoid succumbing to routine that trigger a smoking/chewing urges.
• Drink plenty of water over the first few days to flush out nicotine from your body.
• To help avoid weight gain, replace smoking with chewing sugarless gum or eating fruit.
• Put aside the money you would have spent on buying tobacco to reward yourself at the end of the month. 

               Unless u calculate how much u are spending on those death puffs you will never be able to realize how much you can actually save by not buying them.

• Get hired in a No-Smoking office.. Take up a job in an office , where you are not allowed to smoke. 

SECOND HAND SMOKING LEADS DEATH.

 Second hand smoking take place when the smoke from a person,s burning tobacco product or the smoker,s exhalation is inhaled by another non-smoker person. 

About 66% of the smoke from a cigarette is not inhaled by the smoker, but enters the air around, making it as devastating as smoking itsefs.

                 Research shows that second hand smoking has at least twice the amount of nicotine and tar as the smoke inhaled by the smoker, has five times the amount of carbon monoxide, contains higher levels of ammonia and cadmium, toxic hydrogen cyanide and nitrogen dioxide too.

A regular second hand smoking increases the risk of lung disease by 25% and heart disease by 10%.

SOME TRUE AMAZING FACTS ABOUT SMOKE

• 97% of quit attempts end in failure.
• 7 out of every 10 smokers want to quit the habit.
• They, however, can,t take the plunge because nicotine is as addictive as cocaine or heroin.
• A single re-use can get those trying to quit the habit hooked again.  
  

LAUGHTER :- PART OF THE HUMAN SURVIVAL KIT

LAUGHTER IS GOOD FOR U!

THE BEST BLUSH TO USE IS LAUGHTER . IT PUTS ROSES IN YOUR CHEEKS AND IN YOUR SOUL.
Laughter is a release of tension mediated through the brain. When we laugh we expel the residual air from our lungs, our heart beats quicker, and apparently slows down to below the starting rate once a laugh is over.

• Laughter is the most inexpensive and most effective wonder drug. Laughter is a universal medicine and all of us have that medicine.
• Laughter is a universal human behavior found in all cultures and virtually all individuals the world over.
• During human development, laughter is the first social sound emitted by human infants.
  
  Even children who are deaf and blind by birth have been reported to laugh.
• Evidences suggest that while the male is the leading humor producer, it is the female that exhibits most laughter.
  
• Humor associated laughter seems to be a phenomenon unique to humans. However , recent researches show that under certain emotional conditions animals such as chimps, dogs and rats emit sounds that bear similarity to human laughter.
  
  It is noteworthy that chimpanzee laughter occurs during physical contact like tickling or wrestling, while most humans laugh during conversation.
• Scientific studies have proved that humor and laughter are associated with increased positive effect and improved mood. Humor is the most familiar cause for laughter.
• Laughter triggers the release of endorphins, the body,s natural painkillers, and produces a general sense of well being.
• Laughter is a tranquilizer with no side effects.

STRUCTURE OF LAUGHTER

• Laughing is not a random vocal sound but is characterized by a series of start vowels like notes.
• Each note is about 75 milliseconds long and repeated at regular intervals about 210 milliseconds apart.
• Similer vowel sounds are typically used for the notes of a given laugh. It may have the structure "ha-ha-ha" or "ho-ho-ho" but not "ha-ho-ha".
  
• Laughter may be of several types. On the basis of sound created, laughter may be in different forms like:-

1. Giggles
2. Chicks
3. Chortles
4. Hoots
5. Chuckles

HEALTH BENEFITS

• The most known benefit of laughter is to relieve stress.
  
• Laughter activates the immune system. Research results indicate that, after exposure to humor, there is a general increase in activity within the immune system.
• Laughter decreases stress hormones that constrict blood vessels and suppress immune activity.
• Dopamine levels are also decreased. Dopamine is involved in the "fight or flight response" and is associated with elevated blood pressure.
• Laughter increases the level of natural killer cells that attack viral infected cells and some types of cancer and tumor cells. 

LAUGHTER IS THE MOST HEALTHFUL EXERTION

• Laughing is aerobic , providing a workout for the diaphragm and increasing the body,s ability to use oxygen.
• Laughter brings in positive emotions that can enhance conventional treatments.
• Laughter offers a powerful distraction from pain.
• Belly laugh results in muscle relazation.
• Laughter can provide good cardiac conditioning especially for those who are unable to perform physical exercises. it increases circulation and improves the delivery of oxygen.
• Laughter benefits women more than men in preventing hypertension.
  

IN THE END LAUGHTER HAS BEEN FOUND TO HAVE IMMEASURABLE HEALTH BENEFITS. MOST OF ALL, IT IS FREE AND HAS NO KNOWN NEGATIVE SIDE EFFECTS. SO LAUGH BECAUSE IT IS GOOD FOR YOU.

RESERVE BANK(RBI) ASSISTANT RECRUITMENT-525 VACANCIES

Reserve Banks of India (RBI), the Banker of Bank's and One of the Most Prestigious places to work in India, had announced Its Recruitment Project-2013. Under the RBI Recruitment 2013, the Bank had decided to recruit 525 Assistants (Clerks) for its various branches, spread across the Length and Breadth of Country

Its is worth mentioning here that in 2012 RBI had recruited over 1000 Assistant and this time the Number the No is reduced to half. Now with the Notification Out, many applicants have to opportunity to get Jobs in India's Most Reputed Bank

It is important to note that for the First Time, RBI Written Exam goes Online, so gone are the days, when you have to darken the ovals on the OMR Sheet, Now you have to appear in the RBI Assistant Written Exam in in front of a computer and that too at a computerised centre.


RBI Assistant Notification 2013



The Notification regarding the Recruitment of Assistants in RBI is published in the leading Newspapers of Country Dated : 28th May, 2013. The Full Advertisement will be published in the Employment Newspaper Dated 8th June, 2013 and PDf of the same will be uploaded on the Offcial Website of RBI (www.rbi.org.in)

In this post, we are going to share the Important Details (Like Age, Educational Qualifications, Important Dates etc ) for RBI Assistant Recruitment 2013.


RBI Recruitment 2013 : 525 Assistant Posts
RBI had advertised a Total of 525 Assistants posts. These vacancies are distributed among various Categories Like General, SC/ ST and OBC's.

Total Posts: 525 vacancies

Pay-Scale: Rs 2,90,00 (Rs 21,419 / Month).


What is the Eligibility Criteria ?

Applicants willing to apply for Assistant Jobs in RBI, must full fill the below mentioned eligibility conditions.


Age Limit: Applicants must be over 18 years and below 28 years

Educational Qualifications: Applicants must have obtained Degree in any Discipline with at least 50 % marks from any recognized University. However candidates from reserved categories (SC/ST/PWD) must be only pass in the Bachelor's Degree

Computer Literacy: Applicants must have the knowledge of Word Processing on Computers.

Important Dates to Note
You must take note of the Important Date regarding the RBI Assistant Recruitment 2013

Online Registration starts from : 30th May to 20th June, 2013

Application Fee can be deposited from: 30th May to 24th June, 2013

Date of Written (Online) Exam: 20th/21st July and 27th/28th July, 2013

How To Apply ?

Applicants need to apply Only through Online Mode at the RBI's Official Website at www.rbi.org.in. The Complete Instructions for Submitting the Online Application, will be published on this page, soon after the Detailed Advt will be released.

The Online Registration is complete only after depositing the Application fees. After submitting the Online application, applicants must take the Print-Out of the System Generated Application form and preserve it for future usage.

KNOW YOUR PHOBIA

PHOBIA

 

Phobias are intense irrational fears of specific objects or situations and natural phenomena. Phobia or phobic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder. But it differs from generalized anxiety disorders and panic disorders in that there is a specific, identifiable stimulus such as water, cats, thunder, etc that sets off the anxiety reaction.

• Phobia is a wish to avoid the feared objects and situations if possible. Phobic patients feel anxious not only in the presence of the objects or situation but also when thinking about them. This is also known as anticipatory anxiety.
• Phobic patient have general symptoms like depression, obsessions ... but some other symptoms are..........

Symptoms of Phobia :-

1. Psychological :- fearful anticipation, irritability, sensitivity to noise, restlessness, poor concentration, worrying thoughts.  
2. Physical :-

• Gastrointestinal :- Dry mouth, difficulty in wallowing, loose motions.
• Respiratory :- Constriction in the chest, difficulty inhaling, over breathing. 
• Cardiovascular :- Palpitations , discomfort in chest, awareness of missed beats.
• Neuromuscular system :- Tremor, prickling sensations, tinnitus, dizziness, headache. 
• Sleep disturbance.

Types of phobia :- Based on symptoms and principal we can categorize phobia into three categories :-

• Simple Phobia :- In simple phobia a person is inappropriately anxious in the presence of one or more particular objects or situations. Simple phobias may be categorized by adding the name of the stimulus, for example, spider phobia, flying phobia or water phobia(aquaphobia) and so on.
  
  Simple phobias are common in childhood. By early teenage years, most of these childhood fears get lost, but a few persist into adult life.
• Social Phobia :- In this disorder, inappropriate anxiety is experienced in situations in which the person is observed and would be criticized. Socially phobic people tend to avoid such situations and not engage in them fully; for example they avoid making conversation, or they sit in a place where they are least conspicuous.  
  

Social Phobias are about equally frequent in men and women. The condition usually begins between the ages of 17 and 30. The causes of social phobia are not well understood.

• Agoraphobia :-  Agoraphobic patients are anxious when they are away from home, in crowds, or in situations that they cannot leave easily. In these circumstances the symptoms are similer to those of other phobic disorders, but other symptoms like depression, and obsessional thoughts are more frequent in agoraphobia than in other phobic disorders.
  
  The situations include buses and trains, shops and supermarkets and places that cannot be left suddenly without attracting attention, such as the hairdresser,s chair or seat in the middle row of a place of entertainment.

 

PHOBIA DICTIONARY (KNOW YOUR PHOBIA)

Acrophobia-----------------fear of high places

Aerophobia-----------------fear of flying

Agoraphobia                     fear of Open spaces

Ailurophobia                     fear of cats

Amaxphobia                      fear of Vehicles, driving

Anthophobia                       fear of flowers

Aquaphobia                      fear of water

Arachnophobia                  fear of spiders

Astraphobia                      fear of lighting.

Brontophobia                    fear of Thunder

Claustrophobia                  fear of closed spaces

Cynophobia                      fear of dogs

Dementophobia                 fear of Insanity

Gephyrophobia                fear of Bridges

Herpetophobia                 fear of Reptiles

Hydrophobia                      fear of water

Kymophobia                   fear of waves

Kynophobia                      fear of Rabies

Kyphophobia                  fear of stooping

Lachanophobia                  fear of vegetables

Lalo phobia                         fear of speaking

Leprophobia                     fear of leprosy

Leukophobia                    fear of  whiteness

LevoPhobia                         fear of things to the left sid of body

Ligyhrophobia               fear of loud noises

Lockiophobia                  fear of childbirth

Macrophobia                       fear of long waits

Mageirocophobia               fear of cooking

Maieusiophobia                  fear of childbirth

Mastigophobia               fear of punishment

Mechanophobia             fear of machines

Megalophobia                   fear of large things

Melissophobia                  fear of bees

Meno phobia                   fear of menstruation

Metro phobia                 fear of meteors

Metallophobia                fear of metal

Methyphobia                 fear of alcohol

Microphobia                      fear of germs

Mnemophobia                fear of memories

Numerophobia                  fear of numbers

Nyctophobia                  fear of darkness

Ochlophobia                   fear of Crowds

Ophidiophobia                  fear of snakes

Ornithophobia                  fear of birds

Phonophobia                     fear of speaking out loud

Pyrophobia                       fear of death

Trichophobia                    fear of hair

Xenophobia                      fear of strangers

 

PHOBIA, IF NOT MONITORED OR NOT TREATED, COULD SOMETIMES REALLY BECOME DANGEROUS. IT IS A SITUATION THAT REQUIRES DELICATE HANDLING BY ALL PEOPLE CLOSE TO THE PATIENT.

 

C FOR CARBON ---- LIFE ELEMENT

CARBON (C)

--> Carbon makes no claims to being rare. It is abundant on the sun, stars, comets, and most planets. On Earth it is ubiquitous in air, water and on the ground. It bonds with itself and also with a wide variety of other elements, to result in nearly ten million known compounds. As a diamond, it is a girl,s best friend. As coal, it powers industry. As the graphite in pencils, It is an artist,s tool. Additionally, it also forms the basis of organic chemistry. You are about eighteen percent carbon. Reason enough to take a closer look.

• The name of Carbon comes from Latin carbo, meaning charcoal.
• Carbon is a chemical element represented by the symbol "C".
• Atomic number is 6.
• Melting point is 3550 degree celcius.
• Atomic weight is 12.011
• It is the fourth most abundant chemical element in the universe by mass, after hydrogen , helium and oxygen.
• Carbon can take on different molecular configurations called allotropes.
• When combined with Oxygen and Hydrogen, it can form many groups of important biological compounds including sugars, celluloses, lignans, chitins, alscols, fats, and aromatic esters.
• With nitrogen it forms alkaloids.
• When combined with Sulphur it forms antibiotics, amino acids and proteins.
• With the addition of Phosphorus to these other elements, it is a constituent of DNA and RNA.

CARBON CATENATIONS :-

• Carbon has the ability to form long chains with interconnecting, strong and stable C-C bond.
• This property is called catenation.
  
  • There are more known carbon containing compound than all the compounds of the other chemical elements combined except those of hydrogen.
  • Almost all carbon compounds contain hydrogen. Hydrocarbons form a large family of organic molecules. Examples include coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
   
• Distinctly Different nature of carbon :-
  
  • Diamonds are the hardest naturally occuring substance.
    
    
    
    
    
  • Graphite is one of the softest substances known.
  • Diamond is an excellent electrical insulator. Graphite is a conductor of electricity.
  • All cyanides are intensely poisonous. Carbon monoxide can snuff out life too. But glucose is the energy currency of most forms of life. 
  • Amorphous carbon is completely isotropic. Carbon nanotubes are among the most anisotropic materials ever produced.
   

CARBON IN USE :-

• Carbon containing polymers form the basis of nearly all industrial commercial plastics.
  

•  Hydrocarbons are the backbone of industry.
• Industrial diamonds are used in cutting , drilling, and polishing technologies.
• Carbon is used by te iron and steel industry.
• Carbon is used as a neutron moderator in nuclear reactors.
• Carbon fiber is used for composite materials and high-temperature gas filtration.
• The rubber and plastic industries use carbon black. Used in ink manufacture.
• Activated charcoal is used in medicine.
• Carbon compounds are used as solvents, lubricants and pigments.

gloGLOBE  GLOBAL CARBON CYCLE 

The carbon cycle is the movement of carbon between the atmosphere, oceans and landmass. It involves storage pools of carbon and the processes by which these pools exchange carbon. If more carbon enters a pol than leaves it, the pool is considered a net carbon sink. If more carbon leaves a pool than enters it, the pool is considered a net carbon source. Carbon sequestration is the term describing processes that remove carbon from the atmosphere.

CARBON EMISSIONS OR GREEN HOUSE EFFECT :-

The industrial revolution increase the use of fossil fuels which resulted in a significant increase in the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leading to what has been called the "greenhouse effect". In brief , solar energy comes in largely unobstructed but when radiated back, the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere bounces it back down again and raise the temperature of earth.

          Many countries have got together to agree on the Kyoto Protocol, an international mechanism for the rduction of carbon emission.

NOW THE TIME IS FOR TESTING YOUR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT CARBON AFTER READING THIS ARTICLE...........  HERE ARE SOME QUESTIONS.........

1. What is the atomic weight of carbon.

a) 11.011

b)13.011

c)12.011

 2. Name the softest item made by carbon.

a) Diamond

b) Graphite

c) Glucose

3. Atomic number of Carbon is ..........

a) 6

b) 10

c) 12

4. The process of removing carbon from atmosphere is known as.........

a) Carbon catenation

b) Carbon compounding

c) Carbon sequestration.

5. With nitrogen carbon forms ........

a) hydrocarbon

b) alkaloids

c) amino acids

6. Carbon is chemically represented by........

a) symbol S

b) symbol D

c) symbol C

7. Carbon presence in universe placed it on rank...

a) 2nd

b) 3rd

c) 4th

Answers .......  (1)c (2)b (3)a (4)c (5)b (6)c (7)c

OSTEOPOROSIS

OSTEOPOROSIS

•  Osteoporosis is a disease of the skeleton, characterized by diminution of the bony mass and deterioration of the micro bony architecture, leading to the declining activity of bone forming cells.  As a result of this the mass of bone gets reduced, a condition called Osteopenia.
• Old bones dissolve and get replaced with new and stronger bones. But as we get older, the opposite occures and the bones become spongy, weak and more likely to break.
• Osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent diseases of aging. Eighty percent of people who suffer this disease are women.
  
  
  
  
    

• Leading cause of osteoporosis are :-

1. Lack of certain hormones, particularly estrogen in women and androgen in men. Menopause brings lower estrogen levels and increases a woman,s risk for osteoporosis.
2. Lack of weight-bearing exercise, smoking or frequently taking alcohol and coffee.
3. Low calcium and vitamin D consuption throughout life.
4. Ingestion of medicines like corticoids, anti-inflammatory, and also other hepaticas.

Osteoporosis affects :-

• Osteoporosis fracture commonly affects hip(most dangerous), spine and wrist.
• Height loss or a bent back is an important marker for osteoporosis.
• It is a silent disease, because bone loss occurs without any symptoms till the bones have become weak enough to  break or collapse.
  
   

Osteoporosis Prevention:-

• Building strong bones during childhood and adolescence can be the best defense against developing osteoporosis.
• Balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D.
• Weight-bearing exercises,
• Healthy lifestyle with no smoking or excessive alcohol intake and
• Medication to improve bone density.
  
  ANY ONE WANT MORE INFORMATION ABOUT WHAT TYPE OF EXERCISE ARE BENEFICIAL FOR THIS,,,  THEN REPLY ME ,, I DEFINITELY POST ABOUT THAT IN MY NEXT ARTICLE.