Monday, 7 January 2013

FREE RADICALS

FREE RADICALS
                                                     
A free radical is a molecule having an unpaired electron that is capable of independent existence. All free radicals are extremely reactive and short lived. The longest half-life is 1-10 seconds for NO radical and the shortest is only one nanosecond for hydroxyl radicals.
                 Free radicals try to get an electron, and in the process of acquiring the electron attach themselves to another molecule, thereby modifying it biochemically. 
 Free radicals are capable of damaging any biomolecule including proteins, sugars, fatty acids and nucleic acid.
                                              
  • Free radicals include superoxide radical(SOR), hydroxyl radical(OHR), hydroperoxyl radical(HPR), alkoxyl radical(AR), peroxyl radical(PR), an nitric oxide radical(NOR).
  • Other molecules that act like free raicals are singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorous acid.  Collectively FRs and non-FRs are called "oxidants" or "reactive oxygen species(ROS)".
    

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